What are the Differences Between Compostable and Biodegradable Bags?
As the world becomes more aware of environmental concerns, businesses are looking for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. One way to do this is by using eco-friendly packaging. Two popular options are compostable and biodegradable bags. While these terms are often used interchangeably, there are some key differences between them. In this blog post, we'll take a closer look at compostable and biodegradable bags, compare the two, and help you choose the right bag for your business.
Understanding Compostable Bags
Compostable bags are made from renewable materials, such as plant-based plastics, paper, and starches. These bags are designed to break down quickly and safely in a composting environment, without releasing any harmful chemicals or residues (microplastics). Compostable bags are becoming increasingly popular in retail packaging to replace traditional LDPE carry bags and parcel satchels.
Some key features of compostable bags include:
Made from renewable materials (e.g. corn starch)
Break down quickly and safely in a composting environment/facility
Do not release harmful chemicals or residues
Can be disposed of with other organic materials without sorting
Understanding Biodegradable Bags
Biodegradable bags, on the other hand, are made from traditional plastics that can break down over time. However, the process can take years, and the end product may not be environmentally friendly. For example, traditional LDPE (low-density polyethylene) packaging is “biodegradable”, but it can take hundreds of years to break down, and it can release harmful chemicals into the environment as it degrades.
Some key features of biodegradable bags include:
Made from traditional plastics that can break down over time
Can take years to break down, literally hundreds
The end product is not environmentally friendly (nasty microplastics!)
Comparing the Two In Use
While compostable bags are considered to be better than biodegradable LDPE bags because it degrades much quicker and does not leave behind microplastics, they are not a perfect substitute for LDPE.
Unfortunately, compostable bags do not have good barrier properties against moisture, can be more delicate and have a short shelf life (6-8 months). This makes it unsuitable for holding liquid or containing moisture, holding sharp objects and long-term storage.
However, despite these shortcomings, they can be used as a good substitute in countries where composting facilities are accessible or home composting is prevalent. Compostable bags allow their users to bag organic waste (rather than using an LDPE bag) and compost it all together without any sorting required. This will result in the bag and waste becoming useful fertiliser at the end of its life.
The same cannot be said about biodegradable LDPE bags as they do not compost at all and release microplastics when they break down. However, they do provide a cost-effective and durable packaging solution for many industries and commercial applications. Think medical, construction and manufacturing applications.
Which One is Better for the Environment?
Compostable bags are generally considered to be better for the environment than biodegradable bags. Compostable bags are made from renewable materials and are designed to break down quickly and safely in a composting environment. They do not release any harmful chemicals or residues and can be used to produce compost, which can be used as a fertilizer.
Biodegradable bags, on the other hand, can take years to break down and may release harmful chemicals into the environment as they degrade. Additionally, the end product of biodegradation may not be suitable for composting or recycling, which can lead to more waste and pollution.
Choosing the Right Bag for Your Business
When choosing between compostable and biodegradable bags, there are a few factors to consider:
Intended use of the bags: If you require a durable, long-lasting bag that has good barrier properties against moisture then LDPE bags would be more suitable for you. Unfortunately, compostable bags have a much shorter shelf life and have poor barrier properties for certain applications.
Availability of composting facilities in your area: Compostable bags require specific conditions to break down properly, such as a certain temperature and moisture level. If you don't have access to a composting facility, compostable bags may not be the best choice for your business.
Cost: Compostable bags are generally more expensive than biodegradable LDPE bags, as they are made from more expensive materials. However, the price difference may be worth it if your business is committed to sustainability and reducing its environmental impact.
Environmental impact: Compostable bags are generally considered to be the more eco-friendly option as it decomposes quicker (under the right circumstances) and do not release microplastics into the environment. By choosing compostable bags, your business can help reduce waste and pollution, support sustainable agriculture, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
In conclusion, while compostable and biodegradable bags may seem similar, there are some key differences between the two. Compostable bags are made from renewable materials, break down quickly and safely in a composting environment, and are generally considered to be more environmentally friendly than biodegradable bags. Biodegradable bags, on the other hand, can take hundreds of years to break down and may release harmful chemicals into the environment as they degrade. When choosing between the two, it's important to consider the intended use of the bags, the availability of composting facilities, the cost, and the environmental impact.
